The History of FIDESZ
Dátum: 2002-10-29 16:57:00, eredeti URL: http://archiv.fidesz.hu/index.php?Cikk=5350
KCMDB-be feltöltve: 2024-05-04 17:52:00.819583, Feltöltő: fidesz_hu_scraper_v2
From the beginnings to the first free elections (1988-1990)
FIDESZ was founded on 30 March by thirty-seven university and college students, young intellectuals at the István Bibó University Campus in Budapest. The founders announced the foundation of the independent youth organisation next day at an international press conference. A week later five of the founders, among them Viktor Orbán and László Kövér, were warned by police that "their activity tends towards forming an illegal organisation".
At the end of April, FIDESZ held a 400-strong rally in a Budapest cinema at which several local FIDESZ groups declared their formation. The participants also made the decision that the organisation would hold its first congress the following autumn. At its first congress held in two sessions, one in October and one in November, the organisation's statutes and its political agenda declaration was adopted, its operative bodies were created and FIDESZ's Provisional Board was elected. The Congress elected Sándor Rácz, president of the Budapest Workers Council during the 1956 revolution, to be an honorary member of FIDESZ.
In October, FIDESZ submitted a petition to the Parliament which demanded that 15 March, the anniversary of the 1848-49 Hungarian revolution and war of independence, should be a national holiday again, whereas October 6, the day of the oppression of the revolution and the war of independence should be national day of mourning. (The first demand was accepted by the communist Parliament at the end of the year.) In late November, the National Council of Youth Organisations (MISZOT) was formed and FIDESZ, based on the decision of the Congress, decided to participate in its work.
In January 1989, FIDESZ announced that its representatives would not attend the World Youth Meeting in North Korea, and suggested that the money allocated for this event should rather be used by the state for the purpose of youth politics. FIDESZ was one of the organisers and an active participant in the commemorations held by 31 independent organisations on 15 March. This event was attended by more than 100,000 people, while in contrast the attendance at the official commemorations was only about 20,000. Speaking for FIDESZ was Viktor Orbán.
On 19 March, the National Board of FIDESZ decided that it would recommend to the congress that the party should enter the race for the general and local elections to be held in 1990. On 22 March, following the call of the Independent Forum of Lawyers, eight organisations founded the Opposition Round Table with the aim of forcing the Hungarian Socialist Workers Party (MSZMP) to enter talks about the conditions of the peaceful transition to democracy. On the first session FIDESZ was represented by László Kövér and Viktor Orbán. In May FIDESZ left MISZOT, because it judged that there was no need for a Patriotic People's Front-style youth council.
On 16 June, the 31st anniversary of the execution of Imre Nagy, a memorial was held on Heroes' square. In his speech, which caused a big reaction both in the domestic and the foreign press, Viktor Orbán demanded the withdrawal of the Soviet troops. The talks between the Opposition Round Table and MSZMP about the peaceful transition concluded in September. The pact was not signed (but not vetoed either) by FIDESZ and the Alliance of Free Democrats (SZDSZ), because these two parties adhered to four demands: 1. the election of the president of the republic should not happen before the legislative elections; 2. the ruling party, MSZMP should render an account of its property, 3. MSZMP party organisations should leave the workplace; 4. MSZMP's armed body, the Workers' Militia, should be disbanded. FIDESZ was among the organisations initiating a referendum on these four questions. The so-called "four yes" plebiscite (mustering a 58 % turnout) approved all four demands.
At the second congress of FIDESZ in October, the overwhelming majority of the delegates decided that FIDESZ should participate as a political party at the first free parliamentary elections in 40 years. At a preparatory conference for the campaign in November, a decision was made that FIDESZ's colours would be orange and blue.
The collection of nomination forms had been finished by late February, and it became clear that FIDESZ had enough support to have a party list in every county. Viktor Orbán held the first place on the national list. The first free elections in 45 years were held in two rounds on 25 March and 8 April. FIDESZ, with 8,95% of the votes, received 22 mandates in the 386-member National Assembly ("Országgyűlés"), with two of its MPs, József Szájer and László Kövér, winning in individual constituencies. Viktor Orbán was elected head of the party's parliamentary faction.
The centrist opposition (1990-1994)
The party's third congress was held after the elections in three rounds, and because most of the new MPs were not running for re-election, the composition of the National Board had undergone considerable changes. During the first session in June, only Tamás Deutsch, Gábor Fodor and István Hegedűs retained their positions, whereas Viktor Orbán returned to the Board. The congress accepted László Kövér's draft party constitution as a temporary solution. The second round saw the discussions on the party's budget. The third session was held in December, with a new party constitution being accepted and a new board being elected, in which Zsolt Németh and Tamás Tirts replaced Tamás Deutsch and István Hegedűs, who were not standing for candidature again.
The municipal elections, held in two rounds in September and October 1990, were even more successful for the party than the parliamentary elections. FIDESZ, with its 33 mayors (15 cities, including five municipalities and two Budapest districts), and 792 representatives in local self-governments achieved the third best result among the parties. At the end of October, during the days of the so-called "taxi blockade" which paralysed the country, the National Board of FIDESZ, in stark contrast to the other opposition parties, underlined that the party only supported protest movements which were not going beyond usual forms of civil disobedience and the limits of constitutionality.
In January 1991, the National Board of FIDESZ urged the Hungarian government in a letter to recognise the independence of the Baltic states. In late March, FIDESZ proposed six-party talks to discuss the most important subjects concerning the country. Following the example of the 1977 Spanish Moncloa-pact, the proposal introduced by Viktor Orbán suggested that the parliamentary parties should agree upon major questions with regards to the strengthening of democratic institutions, the establishment of a market economy and a consensus-based foreign policy, as well as concerning steps that might have helped the creation of a credible trade union system for the employees. Although the idea of the "Hungarian Moncloa-pact" was not refused by any of the parties, and the first round of talks was held, the process bogged down in the end.
In May, FIDESZ published its foreign policy agenda, which specified and defined the party's foreign policy goals in the context of human rights, national interests, the region and a unifying Europe. In June, a memorial plaque was placed on the wall of the party's headquarters (formerly the building of the communist National Bureau of Church Affairs) by FIDESZ and the Reformed Renewal Movement to commemorate the victims of communist persecution in the churches. In August, the FIDESZ National Council meeting in Esztergom suggested that the party should join the Liberal International.
According to polls, FIDESZ's popularity was permanently around 30 percent throughout 1992. In February, at the party's fourth Congress in Pécs, an overwhelming majority of the delegates voted to request FIDESZ's entry to the Liberal International. (The request was accepted in September by the Liberal International's Congress in Mainz, and Viktor Orbán became the member of the top leadership of the organisation, the so-called Bureau.) The congress saw the election of a new board with seven new members, including four MPs, János Áder, Béla Glattfelder, László Kövér and Zoltán Rockenbauer. The Congress, which was the first in the party's history with section meetings, was called by Zoltán Rockenbauer in his closing remarks a meeting that showed that there was an alternative for government. On a FIDESZ rally held in October, Viktor Orbán stated that the country may only be managed in a secure manner by a government made up of the forces of the civic centre. In March 1993, Prime Minister József Antall met Viktor Orbán, leader of the FIDESZ parliamentary faction. During the meeting, they discussed how to speed up legislation, the question of the press, and the situation of the trade unions.
In April 1993, the party's fifth Congress abolished the 35-year age limit for membership, and a new organisational form was accepted. According to the rearrangement, the Board had been replaced by a presidium as the supreme operative body, which was headed by Viktor Orbán, who had been elected as party chairman. Subsequently, László Kövér replaced Viktor Orbán as leader of the parliamentary fraction.
Negotiations with SZDSZ on the mutual withdrawal of party candidates in the second round of next year's general elections had been concluded by July. That agreement, later joined by the Agrarian Association and the Party of Entrepreneurs, was meant to contribute to the formation of a liberal government following the elections. By early autumn, the size of the parliamentary fraction had increased to 26 members, with two former MDF (Hungarian Democratic Forum) MPs (István Elek and Kálmán Katona) joining former SZDSZ MP László Horváth and former MDF MP Zoltán Weszelovszky, who had entered the parliamentary fraction of FIDESZ earlier. In November, the National Board of the party elected József Szájer, as opposed to Gábor Fodor, as its chairman by a great majority. In turn, members of the presidium and MPs Gábor Fodor and Péter Molnár, as well as MP Klára Ungár renounced their mandates and left the party (they were replaced in the parliamentary fraction by Tamás Gábor Nagy, Róbert Répássy and László Urbán).
At the convention introducing the election campaign of FIDESZ held in Székesfehérvár in March 1994, chairman Viktor Orbán declared: the cooperation of civic centrist forces remains the governing principle of the party. He went on to argue for a government which is aware of the fact that Hungary's historical legacy and its national values link the country to the Western half of the continent, and for one that is firmly committed to Hungary's integration into NATO and the European Union as soon as possible.
An alternative to post-communism: the strive for a Civic Hungary (1994-1998)
At the autumn local self-government elections, turned into a single-round election by the government majority, FIDESZ had several common candidates with MDF and KDNP, scoring 284 mandates alone and 370 mandates in coalition. The party delegated the mayor in principal 7 towns (4 of them municipalities), in 3 of the districts of Budapest, and in 15 minor towns.
At the 7th Party Congress in late April 1995 in Budapest, the delegates concluded that the name of the party be extended to FIDESZ-Hungarian Civic Party. They also adopted the declaration For a Civic Hungary, which stated, among others, that FIDESZ was a liberal, civic party. Simultaneously, the document called attention to the fact that FIDESZ had been promoting since the beginning the program of the economic, spiritual and moral advancement of individuals and communities, i. e. the program of civic development and the creation of the new Hungary. The congress elected Viktor Orbán as chairman for the third consecutive time. Vice-chairmen: János Áder, Tamás Deutsch, Zoltán Illés, László Kövér, Zsolt Németh, Zoltán Pokorni, József Szájer and Mihály Varga. In a press interview in October, Viktor Orbán raised the issue of a three-party Civic Alliance between FIDESZ, MDF and KDNP, because in his opinion that was the only possibility for providing an alternative option vis-a-vis the coalition of MSZP and SZDSZ, which had a 72% majority in the National Assembly.
Viktor Orbán, chairman of FIDESZ-Hungarian Civic Party and Sándor Lezsák, chairman of MDF started negotiations in May on the cooperation of the two parties, planned to last until December 1998. In September, Tamás Deutsch exploded the so-called "Tocsik-affair" the later investigation of which showed that as a result of negotiations between the State Privatization Agency and the local self-governments on the amount of property to be handed over in exchange to downtown real estates, hundreds of millions of forints had been channeled from the amount of money transferred as a reward for the mediation to bank accounts of companies close to the two government parties.
FIDESZ published the document For a Civic Hungary, which was analyzed on several fora, in conjunction with the encyclical letter of the Hungarian Catholic Bench of Bishops in December, among others. At the end of the year FIDESZ signed a cooperation agreement with the School of Politics "Századvég", which analyzed the governmental experiences since the changing of the political system, as well as made recommendations for the establishment of a more modern and efficient state administration with special regards to FIDESZ's preparations for government.
The 8th Congress of FIDESZ-Hungarian Civic Party, held in April 1997 in Budapest, adopted the program thesis There exists an alternative: Civic Hungary, on the basis of which the construction of the party's election agenda had begun. The congress reaffirmed Viktor Orbán's position as party chairman for the fourth time. Treated in hospital as a result of a sporting accident, the chairman outlined in his message to the congress that should he be elected, he would continue to seek a close cooperation between center-right civic forces. Vice-chairman János Áder emphasized in his speech that FIDESZ, as a liberal people's party committed to national values and euro-atlantic integration, is striving for a Hungary where Széchenyi's dream, freedom and well-being, can be put into practice. Besides concerning itself with leadership matters (the presidium had not changed), the congress adopted resolutions on privatization, education, agriculture, the rule of law, public security and corruption.
In June, on the anniversary of the Opposition Declaration issued 150 years before by the liberal politician of the Reform Age Ferenc Deák, FIDESZ proclaimed the day of the civic opposition in the framework of a convention organized at the Music Academy, and adopted a new 10-point Opposition Declaration. The size of the parliamentary fraction, augmented by 13 members of the then disbanded KDNP fraction in September and by former MDF MP László Salamon, who joined FIDESZ after the 1996 split within MDF, had increased to 34 members. FIDESZ had thus become the biggest opposition party in parliament, entitled to delegate one of the vice-chairmen of the National Assembly (János Áder). Zoltán Pokorni had become the new leader of the parliamentary fraction. In October, the National Board adopted a resolution calling on the party to conclude an agreement with MDF which would enable a successful participation at next year's general elections. This agreement was signed at the end of the year. FIDESZ arrived at a similar cooperation agreement with the organization that had left KDNP, the Hungarian Christian Democratic Alliance (MKDSZ), which had common candidates with FIDESZ in the individual constituencies, as well as candidates who had been put on the party lists of FIDESZ.
On a national meeting of the party's regional leaders in mid-December, Viktor Orbán declared that the conditions of a cooperation between civic forces had been fulfilled, and the flagship of this cooperation was the FIDESZ-Hungarian Civic Party. The chairman introduced the list of those persons, many of them experts from outside the party, who were responsible on their respective fields for FIDESZ's preparations for government, and who could be ministerial candidates in the case of an election victory.
At the beginning of 1998, Viktor Orbán, in a letter to Árpád Göncz, asked the President of the Republic that he specify the date of the general elections as soon as possible. FIDESZ held its 9th congress in Budapest in February, which saw the unanimous adoption of the 48-point election agenda titled Freedom and Well-being.
In March the National Board decided that the party's candidate for prime minister would be Viktor Orbán. He delivered his program speech in the Pest Concert Hall on 8 April, on the 150th anniversary of the formation of the first constitutionally responsible Hungarian government. Simultaneously, he introduced to the public a 40-point action plan that his government was to implement in the first months of its tenure should FIDESZ come to power.
Leading the center-right coalition government (1998-2002)
At the May 1998 elections FIDESZ obtained 29,48 % of the votes cast for party lists and gained the largest number of parliamentary seats (148). In addition, MDF could send 16 representatives to the National Assembly from individual constituencies where it had common candidates with FIDESZ. Delegates of the 10th congress of FIDESZ authorized Viktor Orbán to start coalition negotiations with MDF, as well as with the Independent Smallholders Party (FKGP). He was mandated to form the government of the civic future and to form a majority government in the interest of the country's stability. The prime minister-designate signed the coalition agreements with József Torgyán, chairman of FKGP, and with Sándor Lezsák, chairman of MDF late June. The new National Assembly elected János Áder as its new chairman on its first session on June 18. The government led by Viktor Orbán took the oath of office on 8 July. Twelve of the cabinet's 17 ministers were delegated by FIDESZ, with the number of FIDESZ-delegated state-secretaries also being 12.
The local self-government elections saw the strengthening of the positions of FIDESZ and that of the civic alliance on a local level, as well. In communities having less than 10,000 inhabitants, FIDESZ scored 30,16 % on individual and joint lists with its allies. The party achieved 28,7 % in towns with more than 10,000 inhabitants. In 16 of Hungary's 19 counties FIDESZ and its allies were in charge. FIDESZ had mayors in 39 towns, 8 of them being municipalities, whereas the number of communities with a FIDESZ mayor was exceeding 150. The number of local representatives approached 2000. This result, compared to that of 1994, shows an increase of 72 %.
József Szájer, vice-chairman and head of the Parliamentary Faction leader, assessed the party's and civic government's first half-year-work on the FIDESZ - Hungarian Civic Party's National Board meeting in January 1999. In his speech, he pointed out: the Orbán-government reached more within six months than other cabinets in a whole year. It carried through the majority of the 40-point-action-program, which aimed at the improvement of the citizens' living standards. The few points left untouched would be the task of the next year.
On 6 February 1999, Viktor Orbán, prime minister and party chairman, fulfilling a new initiative set by The Hungarian Civic Cooperation Association, delivered a speech on the country's current situation in the Pest Concert Hall. Viktor Orbán was the official speaker on the Congress of the Liberal International in Brussels, March 3-5. Among others the party leader highlighted in his speech: In the victory of the central eastern European changes there were a need in renewing the liberal way of thinking. Within these rudiments he mentioned the clarification of values, personal freedom and finding the barriers of law-asserts, fighting against drugs and crime, family values, preserving national tradition and cultural heritage.
On the 11th Congress of FIDESZ Hungarian Civic Party held on 8-9 May in Budapest, Viktor Orbán was once again elected party chairman, members and co-members of the presidium were in an unaltered manner voted on. The modification of the Statutes of FIDESZ followed during the conference. Major changes effected the field of partner organisations' licenses, membership payments further more specification of competence of some corporations. The congress discussed in eight sections the main tasks of the party in governance. According to the foreign affairs section's suggestion a declaration on security and foreign policy was accepted. In addition to the congress local and county/regional boards their leading staff members were renewed, the new National Board elected Attila Várhegyi again as its chairman on June 19.
In September, a cooperation agreement was signed between FIDESZ and the Hungarian Christian Democratic Union (MKDSZ), which allowed one member of the two organisations' presidium to take part in the others meeting embodied with discussion rights. Respectively MKDSZ can delegate 5 members and a vice-chairman to the National Board of FIDESZ. The 148 member parliamentary faction decreased by the end of the year to 144 (Béla Gyuricza, representative to Székesfehérvár, and Péter Rajcsányi, representative to Siófok, deceased; Attila Szabó, Csongrád county's MP, left the faction and László Helmeczy, Szabolcs county's MP, was withdrawn and expelled from the party in December.)
Due to the announced governmental changes in December, Attila Chikán, minister for economy was replaced by György Matolcsy, Zoltán Rockenbauer took József Hámori's place in the Ministry for Culture by January 2000. During the year, state secretaries István Balsay, Gabriella Selmeczi and (the deceased) Béla Gyuricza were replaced by Éva Mikes, Imre Frajna and Zoltán Rockenbauer. Gábor Borókai, governmental spokesman, and, at the end of the year, Réka Szemerkényi were also appointed as state secretaries.
FIDESZ mayors were elected during the by-elections in Békés county's Kondoros, in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county's Kántorjánosi, in Tolna county's Szalka and in Pest county's Zsámbék. At other places, such as Komló, Mohács, Pécs, Paks, Hajdúnánás and Szeghalom new FIDESZ supported representatives were delegated into the local board. Kisbér city's mayor, Ezsébet Udvary, was once again elected and increased the FIDESZ presence in the Komárom-Esztergom's county renewed representative body.
The 12th Congress, held in January 2000, decided on the division of function of the prime minister and party chairman. Hence László Kövér, former vice-chairman of the party, became the new FIDESZ chairman, who resigned his post as a minister by May. The presidium elected once again János Áder as executive vice-chairman.
During the year, the size of the parliamentary faction was reduced to 141, due to Pál Gyuga's and Krisztina Hortobágyi's withdrawal and the tragic death of Attila Buza, mayor to Ócsa. At the same time, János Lengyel, member of the Independent Smallholders' Party (FKgP), was elected a representative with FIDESZ support during the by-election in Fehérgyarmat. At the by-election of local self-government in Esztergom FIDESZ candidate Tamás Meggyes won the post of the mayor and also FIDESZ candidates or FIDESZ-supported independent representatives won in: Dorogház, Géberjén, Kemecs, Sámsonháza and Tabajd. Sándor Pálfy in Balatonfüred and András Rapcsák in Hódmezővásárhely were re-elected as FIDESZ mayors. Beside these achievements, FIDESZ candidates were successful in Karcag, Keszthely, Sárvár, Balatonfüred and Hódmezővásárhely, where 13 of 14 sectors were taken by FIDESZ-MKDSZ in the elections held in December.
In May, László Kövér's place as Minister Supervising the National Security Services was taken over by Ervin Demeter, whose post as secretary of state was occupied by István Simicskó. At the Ministry of Infrastructure Kálmán Katona's function was first taken over by László Nógrádi (MKDSZ) and then by János Fónagy. The successor of Csaba Őry at the social portfolio, who became the state secretary at the Prime Minister's Office, was taken by Judit Szemkeő. At the Ministry of Health, Erzsébet Pusztai's place was taken by Zsolt Horváth.
In November 2000, FIDESZ became a member of the European People's Party (EPP) and with its acceptance its membership in the Liberal International was cancelled. In December, FIDESZ also gained membership in the European Democratic Union (EDU). In the last month of the year, FIDESZ was the host of the 2nd Conference of Central European Center-right Parties.
From January 2001, István Mikola and Mihály Varga started their work as ministers in the Ministry for Health and the Ministry for Finance, repectively. They were successors to Árpád Gógl and Zsigmond Járai, the latter now being president of The Hungarian National Bank. Varga's successor on the state secretary's post was FIDESZ MP András Tállai.
FIDESZ - Hungarian Civic Party elected at its 13th Congress held on 5-6 May, in Szeged, Zoltán Pokorni as party chairman. László Kövér, János Áder, Mihály Varga, József Szájer, Tamás Deutsch, Zsolt Németh, Lajos Kósa and Antal Rogán were elected vice-chairmen. Alternate members of the presidium became Szilárd Sasvári and Zoltán Illés. During the congress, the treatise titled "The Future has Begun" was discussed. Prime Minister Viktor Orbán underlined in his speech on the Szeged congress that there is no alternative to the Hungarian Civic Prospective. The head of government called the attention to the importance of national collaboration. In June, the heads of the party's organisations on local and municipal level were renewed, and Attila Várhegyi was again re-elected as chairman of the National Board. Of the six vice-chairmen, two were appointed by partner organisations, György Rubovszky (MKDSZ) and László Dobó (Fidelitas, youth organisation of the party).
Two small modifications followed on two FIDESZ governmental posts: the state secretary for health was taken over by István Benyhe from Zsolt Horváth and the new state secretary for the Prime Minister's Office was appointed in the person of László Mádi, due to Imre Frajna's withdrawal. The parliamentary fraction increased with three representatives. In Pest county's 14th electoral-district (Dabas) Lajos Szűcs won the by-elections in March-April. Katalin Kiszely and Róbert Molnár, both former representatives of the smallholder's party, joined the faction in September. On local by-elections, victories were achieved by FIDESZ candidates. The widow to Attila Buza, Zsuzsanna Icsó won the post of the mayor in Ócsa. Likewise, FIDESZ, or the candidates supported by FIDESZ became the first men on local level in Bükkszék, Feldebrő, Kék, Pusztavacs and Tiszatenyő. The mandates of the representatives were also won in autumn by FIDESZ candidates in Karcag and Pécs. The candidate from FIDESZ's partner-organization, MKDSZ, became the mayor to Golop, furthermore two of their candidates gained a post in the representative body in Abaújszántó.
In May, an agreement on election-cooperation was signed between FIDESZ - Hungarian Civic Party and two partner organisations, the Hungarian Christian Democratic Union and Fidelitas. Between FIDESZ and the Hungarian Democratic Forum (MDF), an electoral cooperation agreement was signed by Zoltán Pokorni, FIDESZ-chairman and Ibolya Dávid, chairperson of MDF on 31 August.
The treatise titled "The Future has Begun" was introduced to the public by party chairpersons Zoltán Pokorni and Ibolya Dávid at the beginning of 2002. Following a social debate on the publication containing the professional details, it was adopted as the official program of Fidesz at the Congress of Collaboration on 16 February. On the day before the campaign moratorium, 5 April, a debate was held between prime minister candidates Péter Medgyessy and Viktor Orbán.
The first round of elections did not confirm the advantage enjoyed by Fidesz in the public opinion polls. At the University of Physical Education on 9 April, and at Kossuth Square on 13 April, Viktor Orbán, referring to the first round of elections, called attention to the fact that "we were many, but we were not enough".
Eventually, the center-right coalition scored 48,7%, or 188 of the 194 seats needed to parliamentary majority. The new government was formed by the socialists and the free democrats. Under the election agreement, the Hungarian Democratic Forum set up a faction with 24 mandates, whereas Fidesz established a parliamentary group of 164 MPs.
At a rally in the Buda Castle District on 7 May, Viktor Orbán called for the establishment of civic circles. Not much later, he himself established a civic circle called Alliance for the Nation.
In mid-June, the Medgyessy-scandal broke by the daily Magyar Nemzet directed attention to the activity of the secret services during the communist regime. Fidesz chairman Zoltán Pokorni called on the Prime Minister to account with his past and spoke about the moral crisis of Hungarian politics. A few days later, upon learning that his own father was also recruited by the secret services, Zoltán Pokorni immediately resigned from his positions of chairman and parliamentary group leader. János Áder was elected as head of the faction and he was also appointed to lead the party as executive chairman until the next congress. In early October, following a legally binding verdict by the court of appeals, Attila Várhegyi resigned from his parliamentary seat.
At the municipal elections held on 20 October, the center-right forces suffered defeat on a nationwide level. Sixteen of the 20 county assemblies, including the Budapest Assembly, now have a coalition majority.